rebuilding of the wall, almost asks to be seen as a symbol of Israel’s separatism: the material expression of a siege mentality. While this is not altogether fair, since the wall had been torn down in a campaign of slander and intimidation and rebuilt in a spirit of faith, it is true that Nehemiah used it not only for physical protection but for spiritual quarantine, to defend the sabbath from violation (Neh. 13:15–22). It is also true that separatism was now being taken with new seriousness as a
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